Race Differences in Alternative Theories of Intelligence: Part 1
Often times, non-g tests have a considerable g loading, others not so much. One thing is for sure, it doesn’t actually matter if you like the g factor or not. These race differences exist, in part because the g factor exists, but we are going to step into the world of g not being real and see if that actually would change anything.
With time, I will go over all of the non-g models, but I will start with the following: Bodily-Kinesthetic, Emotional, Spatial, Creative, and Spiritual Intelligence. Obviously, emotional intelligence overlaps tremendously with “interpersonal” and “intrapersonal” intelligence, and creative intelligence is not one of Gardner’s 8 intelligences, it is, however, one of Sternberg’s 3 intelligences — he likes to call it a triarchic model to sound smart… it is 3 intelligences or triangle. It should not be dignified with sophisticated sounding language.
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
“Those who have high bodily-kinesthetic intelligence are said to be good at body movement, performing actions, and physical control. People who are strong in this area tend to have excellent hand-eye coordination and dexterity.” — Verywellmind.com
I am not sure what good at body movement means. Does it mean speed at which body movement occurs, or ability to sustain body movement? Does it mean what things are done? Is it good “Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence” to punch a stranger on the street with incredible punch velocity? Basically what I am asking is if this general property is contingent on putting your physical ability into something that has a positive impact on society?
Certainly more reasonable of a question than asking “what is intelligence?”
“Intelligence is a very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. It is not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test-taking smarts. Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings-“catching on,” “ making sense” of things, or “figuring out” what to do.” — Mainstream Science on Intelligence
African Americans are faster than European Americans and a bit stronger (Plimpton, C. E., & Regimbal, C. 1992), HOWEVER, lower levels of endurance. Par of this may be due to the fact that African Americans tend to have lower levels of hematocrit and hemoglobin (Cresanta, 1987, Lim et al., 2015).
Data on specific blood proteins would be much more telling than total protein, but these small effect sizes do not mean nothing. Blood disorders generally have the prefixes hypo or hyper — think hyperlipidemia, hypolipidemia, hypoxia, hypertension, etc. Anemia is when the blood cells do not have enough oxygen and there are many kinds of anemias.
For whatever reason, some have historically urged against norming for blood values by race.
Obviously, Dutton’s view of race and blood have not stood the test of time to any sensible person, the reality is that the white collar African Americans have more European admixture — this is not even contingent on race and IQ stuff. Even under social constructivist theory, it would make sense that race mixing acquire “white privilege,”and go to better schools, etc. (we know that this is wrong, but it still conforms to their internal biases).
“Red blood cells carry antigens on their surface that determine what a person’s blood type is; like eye color, it’s a genetically inherited trait. There are currently more than 600 known antigens, and some are unique to different racial and ethnic groups.” — The Montgomery Adviser on why we need more African American Blood Donors
Moreover there is evidence that the muscle fiber composition also causes differences in ability to sustain motion (Ceasar & Hunter, 2015).
Additionally, there are race differences in hand-eye coordination and balance (Plimpton, C. E., & Regimbal, C. 1992). I think that balance is the best proxy for whatever “body control” and “physical control” mean. I do not know what “performing actions” actually means but there are race differences in rates at which races do physical activity.
“Overall, Hispanics had the highest prevalence of physical inactivity (31.7%), followed by non-Hispanic blacks (30.3%) and non-Hispanic whites (23.4%).” — CDC
So, there is not a whole lot of evidence in favor of this hypothesis of race differences in bodily kinesthetic intelligence, whatever that means.
The argument that there is a set of variables that form an underlying factor which causing these racial differences (often called a “socioeconomics” which is a euphemism for a “god of the gaps”) in physical activity is a valid hypothesis that has mainstream acceptance. I believe that it is a falsifiable hypothesis. I do believe in a “socioeconomics” it seems like a false god to me. Using county level data from the CDC and the County health rankings.com we can see if the county-county differences have a common factor. The shared variance between living near parks, having access to exercise and the % of adults that are inactive is very low. I tried to add a “socioeconomics” to this factor analysis, and the SEDA scores (sustainable economic development assessment scores, read more about them here) did not load onto the factor. The SEDA
When a range restriction is applied to select counties that are at least 80% non-Hispanic white is applied, the common shared variance is reduced. This suggests race is a bigger player than the “socioeconomic” monster in the closet.
Whatever this bodily kinesthetic intelligence stuff is, it appears to me that there must be a higher mean for whites, but a larger standard deviation in African Americans — as they represent the majority of the people who get paid for these physical activities.
Emotional Intelligence
Emotional intelligence has basically no predictive validity when stripped of its g-loadings.
the capacity to be aware of, control, and express one’s emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically.
This is stupid, if there is a race difference, how do we tease it apart from “socioeconomics” or “culture” … I think that is an absurd proposition to even measure this, but here we go.
For emotional intelligence, the g loading tends to be around 0.20 to .35.
“Emotional intelligence (EI) is defined by Coleman (2008) as the ability to monitor one’s own and other people’s emotions, to discriminate between different emotions and label them appropriately, and to use emotional information to guide thinking and behavior. This ability is weak in psychopathic personality, and race differences in it would be expected. This has been confirmed by Whitman, Kraus, and van Rooy (2014) in a study of 209 Blacks and 125 Whites applying to become fire fighters tested with the 16-item Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale. Whites scored 6.41 (Sd 0.51) — higher than Blacks (6.14 (Sd 0.81) by approximately a third of a standard deviation (d = .32).” — Lynn, 2019
Racial identity increases in group bias when it comes to empathy, so this means that white people show high levels of empathy to non-white people at a higher rate than the reverse.
The ability to have stable relationships is stratified racially in America and there are differences globally that tend to fall in rank order when nationality is controlled for — see UK, America, and Brazil.
There are group differences in ability to have and sustain romantic relations and in ability to remain monogamous.
I think that the partner is the one that you should love the most and be on your A-game for. The way that you treat your wife is like a standardized test for emotional or interpersonal intelligence in my opinion.
Newer data shows a differences in the rank order of the races, however, this data is not super telling because there is likely to be overlap between the two behaviors. I think that physical violence is a better proxy because different races likely define psychological aggression differently.
It is incredibly likely that Hispanics underreport due to issues regarding citizenship and trust in law enforcement. Likewise, African Americans likely due as well. The high rate of reporting for mix-raced couples leads me to assume either white women are more willing to contact authorities than other races of women, or mixed race couples are more unstable. I do not particularly care which is true.
The 2016 UCR shows that 29.1% of convicted rapists were African Americans. It is nearly impossible to tease apart the White from the Hispanic data, but 77% of the country was white when you include Hispanic whites and that pooled population committed 67.6% of the rapes in 2016.
Some people can say that there was racial bias in the system, but this is not something that we can do much about it to statistically correct for it. Due to the racial differences in perceived sexual attractiveness (not going to get into the whole “subjectivity” of attractiveness), it is exponentially more likely for a black man to rape a white woman than a white man to rape a black woman.
Spatial Intelligence
“Spatial intelligence, or visuo-spatial ability, has been defined “the ability to generate, retain, retrieve, and transform well-structured visual images” (Lohman 1996). It’s what we do when we visualize shapes in our “mind’s eye.” It’s the mental feat that architects and engineers perform when they design buildings.” — parentingscience.com
In my mind, spatial intelligence is just part of g — it is on the perceptual reasoning index of the WAIS-IV.
“Perceptual Reasoning subtests The core Perceptual Reasoning subtests are Block Design (BD), Matrix Reasoning (MR), and Visual Puzzles (VP). Figure Weights (FW) serves as a supplemental subtest for individuals aged 16–69 years, and Picture Completion (PCm) serves as a supplemental subtest for individuals aged 16–90 years. Block Design, Matrix Reasoning, and Picture Completion have appeared on previous versions of the Wechsler intelligence scales; Visual Puzzles and Figure Weights are new to the WAIS-IV.” — WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation, page 8
Block Design
“Block Design measures non-verbal reasoning; analysis and synthesis; visual perception and organization; and visual–motor coordination (Carroll, 1993; Kaufman & Lichtenberger, 1999, 2006; Groth-Marnat, 2009; Lichtenberger & Kaufman, 2009; Sattler & Ryan, 2009).” — WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation, pages 8–9
Matrix Reasoning
“Matrix Reasoning measures fluid intelligence, visuospatial ability, simultaneous processing, and perceptual organization (Kaufman & Lichtenberger, 1999, 2006; Groth-Marnat, 2009; Lichtenberger & Kaufman, 2009; Sattler & Ryan, 2009).” — WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation, page 9
Visual Puzzles
“To complete each Visual Puzzles item, the individual selects the three response options (from six) that could be combined to reproduce a geometric image. Items are timed. It was designed to be a non-motor task that would measure similar constructs to those measured by the WAIS-III Object Assembly subtest. It was devised to measure perceptual reasoning, visuospatial ability, analysis and synthesis, and simultaneous processing (Kaufman & Lichtenberger, 1999, 2006; Groth-Marnat, 2009; Lichtenberger & Kaufman, 2009; Sattler & Ryan, 2009).” — WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation, page 9
Figure weights do not really measure spatial intelligence directly, but they would certainly correlate with a general spatial intelligence factor.
Picture Completion
“Picture Completion items consist of a pictured object or scene with a missing part. The individual must identify the missing part within 20 seconds. The subtest measures visual perception, perceptual organization, and attention to visual detail (Kaufman & Lichtenberger, 1999, 2006; Groth-Marnat, 2009; Lichtenberger & Kaufman, 2009; Sattler & Ryan, 2009).” — WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation, page 9
This is one of the weirdest things to me. The WAIS-IV is the test that I best know of with a perceptual reasoning index measure. In the book “WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation” published by Elsevier, they find an African American-White gap on PRI of 14.54 points. The pooled standard deviation is 13.64 which leaves us with an effect size of 1.066.
On the ASVAB exam, these are the sorts of differences in the spatial section are also observed.
“However, the committee notes that racial/ethnic mean differences are also generally found on spatial ability measures. For example, Russell and Peterson (2001) reported white-black d’s ranging from 0.69 to 1.08 for six spatial ability measures in Army Project A data.” — Measuring Human Capabilities: An Agenda for Basic Research on the Assessment of Individual and Group Performance Potential for Military Accession (2015)
Somebody thought that there was a general spatial factor in net of the g-factor anyways, so here we go…
“These, in turn, loaded strongly onto a general factor of Spatial Ability, which was highly heritable (84%)” — Melanchini et al., 2020
I am okay with there being a million factors as long as we concede that they are all heavily influenced by genetics and at no point do we claim cosmic equality. Like these multiple intelligences are incredibly easy to disprove equality on.
The heritability of g that was used in their study was 53%. The exact number is in one of their structural equation models in the supplementary materials — the total additive genetic variance on g that they found was the square root of 0.53, the square root of the additive genetic variance is the heritability. This is highly unlikely to be the true heritability of g.
“Results indicated that a hierarchical (higher-order) model with a latent g phenotype, as well as specific cognitive domains, was best supported by the data. The latent g factor was highly heritable (86%), and accounted for most, but not all, of the genetic effects in specific cognitive domains and elementary cognitive tests.” — Panizzon et al., 2014
Melanchini et al., 2020 found that 55% of the heritability for was mediated by g, but they underestimate the heritability of g. I think that it is incredibly likely that the nearly the totality of the non-g heritability could be explained by expanding the heritability of g to a more unbiased estimate where the factor loads onto g at an incredibly high level on the genetic basis.
Creative Intelligence
“African Americans and Native Americans tended to rate themselves as more creative than other ethnicities.” — Kaufman, 2006
For African Americans, this is likely just a statistical artifact of the general race differences in self esteem (Twenge & Crocker, 2002). It is possible that the Native Americans really are more creative, but incredibly unlikely given the constraints that IQ imposes on creativity. The best examples of limited creative ability in African Americans in my mind are the following: ghost writers and redundancy in rap music — a lot of these guys do not even write their own music, and it is very redundant when they do.
It has been found in Chinese people, intelligence is a limiting factor for creative thing (Shi et al., 2017)
In whites, a similar phenomenon exists. It is called the “necessary condition hypothesis” (Karwowski et al., 2016)
We can look at some of the accomplishments of different ethnic groups. European Jewish achievement is incredibly high. In fact, Israel is only about 1/3 Ashkenazim but is at the top of per capita medical patents because this is the highest concentration in the world.
Interestingly, China has resorted to stealing patents and Japan has gone as far as to bring speakers in from around the world to try to inspire creative thinking in their students.
“Spiritual Intelligence”
There are 12 points of spiritual intelligence and I will knock them each down. Apparently it has nothing to do with religion.
Self-awareness: Knowing what I believe in and value, and what deeply motivates me. General social survey data shows that whites vote in line more with their political ideologies than African Americans or Latinos — Ryan Faulk’s website has the data from the general social survey. If you ask African Americans if they believe in race — based discrimination, you will get a lot of negative responses (but they vote for it over and over again). There have been books written by African Americans on the topic of race where they have admitted to seeking out an African American artist to design the cover. I believe in freedom of association end of discussion.
Spontaneity: Living in and being responsive to the moment. Jared Taylor has described African Americans as spontaneous. I think that this really means lower ability to delay gratification. I do not really think that living in the moment is a good idea. If you start believing that things which are
Being vision- and value-led: Acting from principles and deep beliefs, and living accordingly. VALUES like equality are not perpetuated in affirmative action (the line “white women benefit the most from affirmative action” is a falsifiable hypothesis that soothes a pro-non white biases that many liberals support. If you believe this hypothesis to be true, let me know and I will disprove it — very few of my readers do believe this hypothesis to be true, so I will not address it).
Holism: Seeing larger patterns, relationships, and connections; having a sense of belonging. Seeing patterns is part of IQ.
Compassion: Having the quality of “feeling-with” and deep empathy. Yes, white people are more likely to support aid to non-white countries, especially Africa.
Celebration of diversity: Valuing other people for their differences, not despite them. I view this as a bad thing, not a good one. Diversity is a zero sum thing — or a negative — but not a positive. There is more genetic diversity in Sub-Saharan Africa than the rest of the planet, more genetic diversity in India than in Europe+North East Asia, etc. Genetic diversity is a bad thing in terms of evolutionary principles. Nevertheless, whites are the only peoples with a true appreciation for diversity. Would Liberia allow a white person to immigrate? America has allowed more African immigrants than we ever took as slaves. Whites would certainly be superior in this regard. I am not a believer in white supremacy, however, what other nations truly embrace diversity?
Whites CERTAINLY appear to appreciate diversity the most in America.
As far as sexual diversity, we see a different rank order, but the more that seems to change, the more that seems to stay the same in terms of the African American-White gaps.
Field independence: Standing against the crowd and having one’s own convictions. When you talk about all of the evidence showing that you are wrong, it has to be white people — all evidence points to race realism, and a greater % of black people than white people are race realists! Some say that it is the epitome of white privilege to vote 3rd party, but white people still do it at the highest rate! How many non-white members of the libertarian party do you know in real life? Lastly, white people voted for Trump despite being told that you are the worst person in the world.
Who was it that stood outside DC demanding the rights of homosexuals? It was mostly whites, presumably a large number of heterosexuals. It is very different to march for the rights of people that are not your own demographic — obviously most people will advocate in their interests, but there will not be African American swarms lobbying against immigration (less electoral power for whites is a bad thing to them, even though over non-white countries are REALLY mean to people who look like them!)
Humility: Having the sense of being a player in a larger drama, of one’s true place in the world. This isn’t what humility means, it means “a modest or low view of one’s own importance; humbleness.” Race differences in self reported attractiveness exist (Chithambo & Huey, 2013). Sure, the study gives a sociocultural explanation, but it really does not matter. Low sexual interest in black women has been reported to be an issue on dating apps. I must confess that the altruistic arguments against race mixing on the grounds that there will be fewer “losers” due to race differences in perceived attractiveness that cannot be eliminated in the short term are pretty good. I stick to my belief that each individual should govern their sexual autonomy, but I do see merit in the other sides views.
Some that do not believe that this is sufficient evidence to prove elevated egocentrism in Africana Americans present counter arguments such as: “BIDR-IM was correlated with self-reported intelligence among African Americans, r(132) = .29, p .001, but not among Whites, r(206) =.01, ns. Comparison of these correlations revealed that they were significantly different from each other (z 2.74, p .01)” — von Hippel et al., 2005 are okay arguments, HOWEVER, this is a misleading claim. Self ratings are relative to areas. A white person with a 90 IQ that lives in an impoverished area that is 80% African American will be well above average and assume that they are very smart (assuming that the average impoverished African American is in the low to upper 70's). Use of self reported intelligence scores requires norming to local norms. If I have an IQ of 130 and live in a county with an average IQ 82, I will think that I am the smartest person in the world. Certainly, I would be incredibly talented and have lots of career choices with that IQ level, but I would not even be in the top 1% of white people at that IQ level! Lastly, RACE DIFFERENCES IN SELF ESTIMATED INTELLIGENCE ARE EXTREMELY SMALL! The correlation to the individual intelligence is far less important than if the group as a whole is estimating themselves near the average.
If a high self estimated IQ has a positive effect on intelligence, it really does not matter which end of the bell curve overestimates or underestimates more, it matters to what degree there is error. Even if the African Americans estimates produce a better correlation, the degree to which they overestimate their IQ’s is still far greater on average for it to be mathematically possible for them to overestimate their IQ’s to a lesser extent than whites. The difference in self estimated IQ’s between whites (n=800) and African Americans (n=309) is under 3 points (Kaufman, 2012). He found the difference between Asians and whites was of a similar size, but a bit smaller. The fact that the average African American estimates their IQ to be at around the 92nd percentile for their race suggests that there are TREMENDOUS group differences in humility. The average white estimates themselves around the 73rd percentile for their race and the average Asian estimates themselves actually pretty close to the 50th percentile for their race. If we use the orthodox figure which is an average East Asian IQ of 105, they estimate themselves near the 55th percentile for their race, but if we use the WAIS-IV handbook, which says 107, they estimate themselves at about the 50th percentile! This shows tremendous differences in humility between races that is much greater than the effect of sex differences. Given that most people cannot internalize how bell curves work, we could also look at it through the scope of IQ points, African Americans would be about 21 points from their group average (if we assume it is 85), whites would be about 9, and and East Asians at most, 7 points from their group norms — with self rated IQ’s of 107 whites, I think that they are about 1–2 to points from their group norm.
Tendency to ask fundamental “Why?” questions: Needing to understand things and get to the bottom of them. Globally, differences in civilizational achievement are attributed to DNA or simply not even asked about. In white societies, a great debate (and taboo) is why. The current answer that most will give is either climate or white people. The more we ponder on the failures of societies, the more likely we are to convince ourselves of foolish things. You think about the concepts of evolution or the big bang theory which are not around in the Middle East or Sub Saharan Africa.
Ability to reframe: Standing back from a situation or problem and seeing the bigger picture or wider context. Yes, this is what the book white fragility talks about. White people hate to talk about race because the wider context is subconsciously known to be race differences. White people have a knack for avoiding difficult discussions. Explanations for differences in IQ such as culture are phenomenal ways to avoid confrontations.
Positive use of adversity: Learning and growing from mistakes, setbacks, and suffering. “Pick yourself up by the bootstraps” is considered to be “white ideology” because it is nearly unique to white people to take such pride in rugged individualism. White people have even created scholarships and such for individuals with adverse backgrounds because the stories of the underdogs are something whites just love! Be it the New York Giants Defeating the undefeated New England Patriots, LeBron James coming back from down 3–1, etc. Many whites love the stories of American history where we gloss over things that were not underdog victories (the Korean War, Vietnam War, The War of 1812, and so one). The concept of underdog “turning points” was an emphasis in my K-12 education. The Battle of Valley Forge, was that story for the revolutionary war, I am sure that they had one in the Civil War (I have not taken US history since I was about 15), and limitless stories of world war two — crossing the Rhine, D-Day invasions, and obviously, the countless stories that are portrayed as underdog victories from Island Hopping in the Pacific Theater.
Sense of vocation: Feeling called upon to serve, to give something back. 69.98% of active duty enlisted men are white, African Americans are also overrepresented in this category so they should also score high on this — maybe even a bit higher on this “subtest” than whites, however, I view it as important to understand that the socioeconomic circumstances of African Americans are far more likely to drive them to serve than whites. I do not believe in using poverty as a force to coerce enlistment, it reduces quality of servicemen and is unethical. I view women in the military as degenerate see no problem that white women are underrepresented in this, I do not believed that armed service is the true calling of women, however, for now — I respect those that do feel the urge to serve their nation in combat! Read Jared Taylor’s critique of women in combat if you think that this is a crazy idea, he gives a really rational argument. There is well documented pro-non white bias amongst white liberals, this is a unique phenomenon to white people. There are all kinds of wacky publications that misattribute white becoming more conservative to racism instead of conservatives having more kids. The idea of taking interest in the wellbeing of minorities is uniquely a white phenomenon. Look at Japan, China, and North Africa. In Libya they still own slaves. Many societies do not have immigrants or even a term to describe racism — white societies desire to END it. Additionally, “white Americans are more favorable toward aid when cued to think of foreign poor of African descent than when cued to think of those of East European descent” — Baker, 2015.
The Burden of Proof/Null Hypothesis Rehashed
“It is often computationally convenient to test hypotheses in a form that sets some parameter equal to 0. For instance, the hypothesis that race and IQ are unrelated amounts to supposing that r between race and IQ is 0. Hypotheses of this form are often called “null.” The hypothesis that IQ is the same for blacks and whites, that is, that for whites — for blacks = 0, is a null hypothesis.
It should be clear that computational convenience does not bestow credibility or epistemological priority. Hypotheses setting any parameter to any value can be assessed by significance tests; there is no reason to presume null hypotheses inherently more plausible than their competitors…
…Should it be insisted that null hypotheses do have special initial credibility, the null hypotheses about race may be taken to be (a) that the difference between the mean race difference in IQ and 1 SD is 0 and (b) that environmental variation explains 0% of any between-race variation in IQ. Hypotheses positing parameters of any size can be put in null form.” — Why Race Matters By Levin
Statistical observations that a set of regression techniques can eliminate the racial gap should not be interpreted as evidence against genetic explanations either, who is to say that this is inherently more plausible than the covariates being a residual effect of innate differences? James Flynn referred to this technique as “controlling for genetics” in one of his books.
In particular, the hypothesis that socioeconomics — presumably a residual impact of racism — is the reason for these race differences is a rhetorically convenient argument, as I have already mentioned, the white psychology is geared to have bias for the underdog. In fact, James Flynn privately told Richard Lynn that was part of his pro-black bias, he was a poor child growing up and for that reason, supported the civil rights movement (as you know, MLK was a Democratic Socialist, as was James Flynn — MLK’s speech writer was a communist). These facts about James Flynn’s motives are in Richard Lynn’s autobiography, “Memoirs of a Dissident Psychologist,” you can find the facts about MLK online.
Moving on, if I were to walk into the court room with one arm and claim that you hit me with a car, it should not be considered offensive for you or the judge to ask me if my injury was congenital, and I would be expected to provide evidence to verify that it was not congenital. This means that the burden of proof is not on the hereditarians, but on those that assert something which cannot be seen is hypothetically true. This is paraphrasing an argument made from Levin in Why Race Matters — I am not trying to steal his ideas, I am just unable to really make a better argument.
When drugs are granted certification, we do not allow such an absurd standard of “you have not PROVEN that the drug is defective, therefore it is safe,” we require that the companies provide evidence to assert that they are safe drugs, and even then — Americans should still be dubious of the statements of health authorities, as we have seen biased authorities misinform people.
Likewise, a mere statement by partisan hacks at the APA or AAA (American Anthropological Association) are not sufficient evidence on their own. They are more corrupt than the FDA itself.
What Would Be Evidence?
Given the degree of evidence against equality of intelligence between races, you probably will not convince me, but I would be delighted to see evidence against it.
The best form of evidence would be those of sub-saharan African Ancestry globally being financially independent, or at least to the extent that Europeans and East Asians tend to be. A sub-saharan African nation running a balanced budget for a decade would be good evidence (the criticism of America’s budgetary issues is not relevant, as race is a locus of fiscal issues, Japans fiscal issues have to do with technical things like fixed rate bonds that are really complicated and not something that I wish to explain).
A more scientific form of evidence would be evidence of progress. A plan to reduce the race differences in abilities should be put into action and I will warm up to these hypotheses with time as the plan delivers sustainable results.
These results must be sustained in an intergenerational fashion without depending on public assistance, or else it is merely an intervention that shows malleability of intelligence.
I am not afraid of being wrong, I am merely afraid of the consequences of if we pick the wrong way to be wrong. White people do not commit hate crimes with an IQ testing kit in the back of their car, African Americans are tormented with tropes such as 13/50 and a word that starts with N, but seldom do people speak of the intellectual differences, so the consequences would not be a big deal. I have shown in the past that a considerable share of African Americans already believe that the hereditarian hypothesis is correct. Arguments that the consequentialist view is fallacious are non-sensical. Koch Industries Shills that move the goal posts on climate change are ignored because the consequences of their antics have terrible potential. The antics of anti-hereditarians are even more dangerous. The evidence has already been baked into the cake and we are past the point where moving the goal posts is a tolerable practice.
